Which method is not effective in preventing badger problems?

The use of chemical sprays is recognized as not being an effective method for preventing badger problems. Chemical deterrents often lack a reliable or lasting impact on badgers, as these animals can become accustomed to smells and may not respond to them over time. Additionally, chemical sprays can pose risks to other wildlife and the environment, and there may be legal regulations regarding their use.

In contrast, exclusion involves making specific changes to a property to physically prevent badgers from accessing certain areas, which has proven effective. Modifying habitat can also deter badgers by removing food sources or creating an environment that is less hospitable to them. Trapping is a direct method aimed at controlling populations, and while it may not prevent problems in a broader sense, it is often necessary for managing existing issues.